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10
More Excellent PTC Reactions
Compelling
Benefits: High performance commercial PTC processes exist for many
more PTC reactions detailed below.
Typical
Barriers: Specialized PTC expertise is required to identify,
develop and commercialize opportunities within the extremely broad scope of
application of PTC.
Description:
There are > 30 reaction categories
of effective PTC reactions. The most common commercial PTC reactions
which were not described in the "Top 10",
but for which very high performance processes can be developed include:
-
N-alkylation
- of activated N-H and
many heterocycles such as pyrrole, imidazole, carbazole, indole, purines,
pyrimidines,
pyridone, lactams, triazoles, azepines, aziridines
and amides such as benzamide, sulfonamides, and others
-
C-Alkylation
(nucleophilic)
- of nitriles, ketones,
diketones, aldehydes, sulfones, imines, substrates with pKa 7-23 such as
malononitirle, phenylacetonitrile, acetoacetate, fluorene, cyclopentadiene,
phenylacetone and others
- Dehydrohalogenation
- Oxidation
- using hypochlorite,
even in cases not generally associated with hypochlorite
- using hydrogen
peroxide
- using permanganate
(including manganese dioxide recycle which is cost effective and
environmentally desirable); significant and surprising opportunities
here
- Epoxidation
- Aldol Condensation
- Michael Addition
- Reduction
- Hydrogenation:
did you know that Pd/C can be activated by PTC? This is a recent
breakthrough.
- Borohydride:
PTC has been used to reduce borohydride excess to 4 mole%, thereby
saving significant expensive borohydride
- Fluoride and Halex
Reactions
- including nucleophilic
aromatic substitutions using KF; highly specialized PTC expertise is
required for KF reactions which are optimal in a narrow range of PTC
process parameters
- nucleophilic iodide
reactions
- Azide
- organic azides and
tetrazoles
Contact PTC
Organics to evaluate your potential application.
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