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STEP
1: Desired Process Improvement
- Increase Productivity
- increase yield
- reduce cycle time
- eliminate/consolidate unit operations
- increase reactor volume efficiency
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Improve Environmental Performance
- eliminate, reduce or replace solvent
- reduce excess volatile or hazardous reactants
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Increase Quality
- improve selectivity
- reduce variability
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Enhance Safety
- control exotherms
- use less hazardous alternate raw materials
- reduce excess hazardous reactants
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Reduce Other Manufacturing Costs
- replace NaOMe/OEt, t-butoxide,
NaH, NaNH2, Na metal with inexpensive inorganic base!!!
- replace DMSO, NMP, DMF, DMA,
chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents
- are you using use water-sensitive reactants acyl Cl,
mesyl Cl, PCl3, POCl3, others?
- would you like to use alternate less expensive or
easier to handle raw materials?
STEP
2: Desired Reaction
O-Alkylation
(Etherification)
N-Alkylation
C-Alkylation
S-Alkylation (thiolation)
Dehydrohalogenation
Esterification
Transesterification
O-/N-/S-Acylation
using acetic anhydride, benzoyl
chloride, phosgene, PCl3
and other water-sensitive
reactants
Displacement With:
Cyanide
Fluoride, Bromide, Iodide
Azide
Thiocyanate/Cyanate
Sulfide/Sulfite
Nitrite/Nitrate
Hydroxide/Hydrolysis
Thiophosphorylation
Other Nucleophilic Aliphatic & Aromatic Substitutions
Other
Strong Base Reactions
Michael Addition
Aldol Condensation
Wittig
Darzens Condensation
Carbene Reactions
Oxidation
Hypochlorite
Hydrogen Peroxide
Oxygen
Permanganate
Epoxidation
Reduction
Borohydride
Hydrogenation
Carbonylation
HCl/HBr Reactions
Transition Metal Co-Catalysis
Other Reactions Involving Anions
Any Reaction Above for Polymerization
Any Reaction Above for Modifying Polymers
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STEP 3: IF
your new or existing process could benefit from at least one desired process
improvement listed in Step 1 AND includes at least one reaction listed
in Step 2, THEN you should definitely consider using Phase-Transfer
Catalysis to improve process performance
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